The display of color we enjoy each fall is explained by understanding plant pigments, the physiology and anatomy of leaves, and the influence of climate and seasonal weather conditions. Fall weather conditions favoring formation of bright red autumn color are warm sunny days followed by cool but not freezing nights.​ As days get shorter and temperatures cooler in the autumn, important physiological processes are triggered that make conditions for chlorophyll production less favorable.

Check out the Why Leaves Change Color publication for more details along with other hardwood tree information.

Resources:
Intro to Trees of Indiana videos, Purdue Extension – Forestry and Natural Resources (FNR)
An Introduction to Trees of Indiana, The Education Store, Purdue Extension’s resource center
Native Trees of the Midwest, Purdue University Press
Shrubs and Woody Vines of Indiana and the Midwest, Purdue University Press
Forest Improvement Handbook, The Education Store
Trees and Storms, The Education Store, Purdue Extension’s resource center
Tree Risk Management, The Education Store
Planting Problems: Trees Planted Too Deep, Video, Purdue Extension – Forestry and Natural Resources YouTube Channel

Lenny Farlee, Extension Forester
Hardwood Improvement Regeneration Center (HTIRC)
Purdue Department of Forestry and Natural Resources