'Makers' 3-D print shapes created using new design tool, bare hands

May 14, 2013  


Shape-It-Up new tool design

Shapes like these can be created using a new design tool that interprets hand gestures, enabling designers and artists to create and modify 3-D shapes using just their hands as a "natural user interface" instead of keyboard and mouse. The tool was created by Purdue researchers. (Purdue University image/ C Design Lab)
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WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. – A new design tool interprets hand gestures, enabling designers and artists to create and modify three-dimensional shapes using only their hands as a "natural user interface" instead of keyboard and mouse.

The tool, called Shape-It-Up, uses specialized computer algorithms and a depth-sensing camera to observe and interpret hand movements and gestures. The user creates shapes in a computer by interacting with a virtual workspace as the shape is displayed on a large-screen monitor.

"You create and modify shapes using hand gestures alone, no mouse or keyboard," said Karthik Ramani, Purdue University's Donald W. Feddersen Professor of Mechanical Engineering. "By bringing hands into the virtual space with a single depth camera we are able to manipulate the 3-D artifacts as if they actually exist."

Researchers call the underlying technique shape–gesture–context interplay. The tool could have applications in areas including games, architecture, art and engineering design, and also serves the emerging "creative maker" community, he said. The team will demonstrate the technology at the Maker Faire on Saturday and Sunday (May 18 and 19) in the San Mateo (Calif.) County Event Center.

"Our goal is to make the designer an integral part of the shape-modeling process during early design, which isn't possible using current CAD tools," Ramani said. "The conventional tools have non-intuitive and cognitively onerous processes requiring extensive training. We conclusively demonstrate the modeling of a wide variety of asymmetric 3-D shapes within a few seconds. One can bend and deform them in various ways to explore new shapes by natural interactions. The effect is immediate.”

Shape-It-Up  using 3-D printer

The shapes are created using a 3-D printer. (Mark Simons, Purdue University photo) 
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The creations can then be produced using a 3-D printer.

Research findings appeared in the February issue of Computer-Aided Design magazine. The paper was co-authored by Ramani, graduate students Vinayak and Sundar Murugappan and postdoctoral researcher HaiRong Liu. The paper is available at https://engineering.purdue.edu/cdesign/wp/?p=1571

The research, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), addresses the limitations of conventional computer-aided design tools needed to create geometric shapes. Work to develop a model for transforming the research into market innovations was funded by the NSF's Innovation Corps, or I-Corps, program and recently by NSF's Accelerating Innovation Research (AIR).

The system harnesses the natural user interface of hand gestures to create and modify shapes.

"We are going from Windows icons, menus and pointers - or WIMPs - to a post-WIMP, natural user interface, or NUI," Ramani said.

The tool is an advance over a previous version that was limited to creating "rotationally symmetric" objects, or those having the same measurements on all sides.

"This is important because many of the things designers need to create are not symmetrical," Ramani said.  

It uses the Microsoft Kinect camera, which senses three-dimensional space. The camera is found in consumer electronics games and can track a person's body without using handheld electronics.

Researchers created advanced algorithms that recognize the hand gesture, understand that the hand is interacting with the shape and then modify the shape in response to the hand interaction. A video showing how the system works is available at http://youtu.be/JchASd9Yf_Y

The Purdue C Design Lab in the School of Mechanical Engineering is collaborating with a startup company, ZeroUI.

"ZeroUI and Purdue are pioneering a whole new co-innovation model for university-industry collaboration where we are applying Steve Blank’s and the NSF I-Corps customer-development process to academic research to ask the right questions and solve the right problems and helping to create high market impact," said Raja Jasti, ZeroUI’s co-founder and CEO. "This technology is amazingly versatile with applications ranging from art, design and gaming to education."

Blank worked with the NSF to develop the coursework for I-Corps, and in partnership with Stanford University, where Blank serves as a consulting associate professor, launched the first I-Corps course in 2011.

Writer: Emil Venere, 765-494-4709, venere@purdue.edu

Sources: Karthik Ramani, 765-494-5725, ramani@purdue.edu

Vinayak, fvinayak@purdue.edu 

Note to Journalists: A copy of the research paper is available by contacting Emil Venere, Purdue News Service, at 765-494-4709, venere@purdue.edu  


ABSTRACT

Shape-It-Up: Hand gesture based creative expression of 3D shapes using intelligent generalized cylinders

Vinayaka, Sundar Murugappana, HaiRong Liua, Karthik Ramania, b

a School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University

b School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (by courtesy), Purdue University

We present a novel interaction system, "Shape-It-Up”, for creative expression of 3-D shapes through the naturalistic integration of human hand gestures with a modeling scheme dubbed intelligent generalized cylinders (IGC). To achieve this naturalistic integration, we propose a novel paradigm of shape–gesture-context interplay (SGCI) wherein the interpretation of gestures in the spatial context of a 3-D shape directly deduces the designer’s intent and the subsequent modeling operations. Our key contributions towards SGCI are threefold. First, we introduce a novel representation (IGC) of generalized cylinders as a function of the spatial hand gestures (postures and motion) during the creation process. This representation allows for fast creation of shapes while retaining their aesthetic features like symmetry and smoothness. Secondly, we define the spatial contexts of IGCs as proximity functions of their representational components, namely cross-sections and the skeleton with respect to the hands. Finally, we define a natural association of modification and manipulation of the IGCs by combining the hand gestures with the spatial context. Using SGCI, we implement intuitive hand-driven shape modifications through skeletal bending, sectional deformation and sectional scaling schemes. The implemented prototype involves human skeletal tracking and hand posture classification using the depth data provided by a low-cost depth sensing camera (Kinect™). With Shape-It-Up, our goal is to make the designer an integral part of the shape modeling process during early design, in contrast to the case for current CAD tools which segregate 3-D sweep geometries into procedural 2-D inputs in a non-intuitive and onerous process requiring extensive training. We conclusively demonstrate the modeling of a wide variety of 3-D shapes within a few seconds.

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