{"id":6182,"date":"2023-12-04T00:40:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T00:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/?p=6182"},"modified":"2024-07-19T00:47:27","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T00:47:27","slug":"body-internet-may-eliminate-the-need-for-smartphones-by-changing-how-we-use-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/2023\/Q4\/body-internet-may-eliminate-the-need-for-smartphones-by-changing-how-we-use-technology","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Body internet\u2019 may eliminate the need for smartphones by changing how we use technology"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"purdue-initial-words-wrap\"><p class=\"purdue-initial-words\">WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. &mdash;<\/p> \n<p>What if the end of the smartphone era is caused by the ability to use your skin \u2014 instead of a screen or even voice commands \u2014 to interface with the internet? Or by using your mind to control devices without looking at them?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Innovations being developed at Purdue University may not only help reverse the trend of putting every possible task on a smartphone or other single device, but also completely change how humans have interacted with devices so far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a few years, this might look like making a payment by touching a machine with your finger instead of with a credit card or smartphone. Maybe you could access a GPS route with your feet or transfer a file to someone by shaking their hand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And in 15 to 20 years, imagine adjusting the thermostat of your home just by thinking that you want a cooler or warmer temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Purdue professor\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ECE\/People\/ptProfile?resource_id=134162\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Shreyas Sen<\/a>\u2019s lab is working to turn this future into a reality through inventions allowing your body to be your local internet connection for devices that you wear, hold or have within you, such as a pacemaker. People could do the same digital tasks and more, but use their physical touch and eventually their minds rather than a screen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n    <div  class=\"purdue-home-quick-links-static \">\n        <div class=\"tagged-header-container\">\n\n            <h2 class=\"tagged-header\"><span>Additional Information<\/span><\/h2>\n        \n        <\/div>\n\n       <ul class=\"quick-links-content\">\n                                        <li class=\"quick-link__item\">\n                                                                <a class=\"quick-link__link\"\n                                    href=\"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/releases\/2019\/Q1\/your-body-has-internet--and-now-it-cant-be-hacked.html\" target=\"_blank\">\n                                    Your body is your internet \u2014 and now it can\u2019t be hacked                                <\/a>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"quick-link__item\">\n                                                                <a class=\"quick-link__link\"\n                                    href=\"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/releases\/2020\/Q4\/tech-makes-it-possible-to-digitally-communicate-through-human-touch.html\" target=\"_blank\">\n                                    Tech makes it possible to digitally communicate through human touch                                <\/a>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"quick-link__item\">\n                                                                <a class=\"quick-link__link\"\n                                    href=\"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/releases\/2023\/Q2\/purdue-ventures-invests-in-wearable-communication-chip-company-ixana.html\" target=\"_blank\">\n                                    Purdue Ventures invests in wearable communication chip company Ixana                                <\/a>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"quick-link__item\">\n                                                                <a class=\"quick-link__link\"\n                                    href=\"https:\/\/purdueinnovates.org\/?_ga=2.230969692.2115214473.1721003530-138323694.1720622983\" target=\"_blank\">\n                                    Purdue Innovates: Where the world\u2019s biggest ideas get their start                                <\/a>\n                            <\/li>\n                            <\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cRight now, our gateway to the internet is this very exciting box in our hands. We find ourselves heads down looking at it for a significant fraction of our awake time. If that\u2019s not the kind of the future we want, then technology needs to evolve,\u201d said Sen, Purdue\u2019s Elmore Associate Professor of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ECE\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Electrical and Computer Engineering<\/a>. \u201cInstead, the smartphone could be deconstructed and distributed all around you at suitable locations such that it becomes invisible to the eye.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smartwatches, wireless headphones and other wearable devices are already deconstructing some features of the smartphone. But a screen is still typically needed to interact with them. Even up-and-coming devices that don\u2019t have screens, such as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hu.ma.ne\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Humane\u2019s clip-on AI Pin<\/a>, require voice commands and are designed to be more of a smartphone replacement, still consolidating functions all into one device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sen\u2019s lab has invented two ways that would allow humans to shift from simply coexisting with technology encased behind a screen or accessible through voice command to directly collaborating with it. Patent applications for these inventions have been filed through the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/purdueinnovates.org\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Purdue Innovates Office of Technology Commercialization<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One invention, called \u201cWi-R,\u201d establishes an \u201cinternet\u201d within your body that smartphones, laptops, smartwatches, insulin pumps, and other wearable or implantable devices can use to communicate with each other. You also can expand your internet network to other devices or even other humans through your touch. Maybe you could send a photo to someone by poking them, for example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The other invention is a new brain implant concept that in a couple of decades might be available for humans to use for controlling technology with their thoughts. Sen\u2019s lab published initial findings on this implant concept in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41928-023-01000-3\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nature Electronics<\/a>&nbsp;earlier this year, showing how it has the potential to solve key issues with developing implants for \u201cmind control.\u201d Nature Electronics also featured this research in its highlight on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41928-023-01041-8\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">brain-computer interface advancements made in 2023<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The implant idea builds on discoveries Sen and his students made while they were inventing the technology behind Wi-R. This technology allows the human body to transfer data fast enough so that any device would only need to be in direct or close contact with the person\u2019s skin to do what the person wants the device to do. From head to toe, the skin would be the interface of an internet network instead of a screen, effectively establishing a \u201cbody internet.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/new.www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sen-chipLO.jpg\" alt=\"Chip invention called Wi-R\" class=\"wp-image-6184\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sen-chipLO.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sen-chipLO-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sen-chipLO-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This chip, an invention called Wi-R, allows the human body to become an internet connection for other devices in direct or close contact with the person\u2019s skin. (Purdue University image\/Greta Bell)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>What makes this technology possible is electric signals operating at a much lower frequency than Bluetooth or other radio signals that currently help connect devices. These low-frequency signals are in the so-called electro-quasistatic range on the electromagnetic spectrum. Using electro-quasistatic signals, Wi-R allows data transfer to be much faster than with Bluetooth communication and accessible only through a person\u2019s skin.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2020, Sen, some of his former students, and other Purdue alumni founded the startup&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ixana.ai\/index.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ixana<\/a>&nbsp;to commercialize Wi-R. How Wi-R is used in the real world will depend on how companies choose to turn it into a product. But earlier this year at CES, an annual technology trade show in Las Vegas, Sen and the Ixana team&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2023\/01\/03\/2582309\/0\/en\/Ixana-unveils-the-world-s-first-Wi-R-silicon-chip-to-seamlessly-communicate-with-touch.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">demonstrated that Wi-R can transmit music through touch<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They showed that when music is streaming from a smartphone in your hand, Wi-R allows you to transfer this music through your body and have it play out loud from another device, such as a speaker, only when you touch that device. They also showed how you could transfer the music to someone else by touching their skin, enabling that person to play your music out loud through another device in contact with their touch. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fRfdrkzlCwI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Watch this video to see how.<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<lite-youtube class=\"youtube-lite\" videoid=\"fRfdrkzlCwI\" params=\"rel=0\"><\/lite-youtube>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In developing Wi-R, Sen\u2019s lab&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/releases\/2020\/Q4\/tech-makes-it-possible-to-digitally-communicate-through-human-touch.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">became among the first<\/a>&nbsp;to discover how humans could digitally communicate strictly through touch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">From touch to \u201cmind control\u201d?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As Sen and his students explored the capabilities of these signals further, the lab also became&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41928-023-01000-3\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the first to demonstrate electro-quasistatic signals enabling communication in the brain<\/a>. This is possible using a brain implant Sen\u2019s lab has invented that transmits these signals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The idea is that eventually a human could use these implants, placed at key points within the brain, to control technology without even touching or looking at it. In the future, this might look like using your thoughts to turn on an oven or type and send a text message.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/new.www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sen-implantLO.jpg\" alt=\"Chip brain implant concept\" class=\"wp-image-6185\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sen-implantLO.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sen-implantLO-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sen-implantLO-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">On the tip of this finger is the first brain implant concept shown to enable communication in the brain using electro-quasistatic signals. (Purdue University image\/Kelsey Lefever)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A brain implant for \u201cmind control\u201d isn\u2019t a new idea, but electro-quasistatic signals would provide several advantages over other brain implant concepts intended for commanding technology with thoughts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For one, this method would be wire-free inside the brain.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/neuralink.com\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Neuralink<\/a>&nbsp;is beginning clinical trials on technology it\u2019s developing that requires 64 wires to connect an implant to about a thousand electrodes throughout the brain. The wires and electrodes are meant to capture as many of a person\u2019s thoughts as possible so that they can be translated to actions that control technology outside of the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept Sen is developing takes advantage of the brain\u2019s natural ability to carry electrical signals very well. Brain tissue, rather than wires, would help transmit information to the implant using the electro-quasistatic signals. In theory, this implant concept could transmit data more than a hundred times faster than other methods being considered in place of wires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because the brain has billions of neurons, a wireless brain implant concept would need to transmit data at least as fast as tens of megabits per second to capture even a thousand neurons simultaneously. No technology can do that in the brain yet, Sen said, but electro-quasistatic communication so far shows the most potential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s no avoiding that humans are getting augmented by machines and that machines are constantly changing our lives,\u201d Sen said. \u201cBut our research shows that it\u2019s possible for these machines to help you without requiring you to always have to look at a screen.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sen\u2019s research is funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Science Foundation. The Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering is one of the university\u2019s computing departments, which are part of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/computes\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Purdue Computes<\/a>&nbsp;initiative.&nbsp;Sen also is a researcher in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/SMART\">Scalable Manufacturing of Aware and Responsive Thin Films (SMART) Consortium<\/a>&nbsp;at Purdue. This consortium is affiliated with the university\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/computes\/institute-for-physical-artificial-intelligence\/\">Institute for Physical Artificial Intelligence<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About Purdue University<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Purdue University is a public research institution demonstrating excellence at scale. Ranked among top 10 public universities and with two colleges in the top four in the United States, Purdue discovers and disseminates knowledge with a quality and at a scale second to none. More than 105,000 students study at Purdue across modalities and locations, including nearly 50,000 in person on the West Lafayette campus. Committed to affordability and accessibility, Purdue\u2019s main campus has frozen tuition 13 years in a row. See how Purdue never stops in the persistent pursuit of the next giant leap \u2014 including its first comprehensive urban campus in Indianapolis, the new Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. School of Business, and Purdue Computes \u2014 at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/president\/strategic-initiatives\">https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/president\/strategic-initiatives<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. &mdash; What if the end of the smartphone era is caused by the ability to use your skin \u2014 instead of a screen or even voice commands \u2014 to interface with the internet? Or by using your<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"department":[31],"source":[29],"purdue_today_topic":[66],"coauthors":[131],"class_list":["post-6182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-excellence","department-engineering","source-purdue-news","purdue_today_topic-research"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6182"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6186,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6182\/revisions\/6186"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6182"},{"taxonomy":"department","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/department?post=6182"},{"taxonomy":"source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/source?post=6182"},{"taxonomy":"purdue_today_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/purdue_today_topic?post=6182"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=6182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}