{"id":34484,"date":"2025-09-09T09:05:34","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T13:05:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/?p=34484"},"modified":"2025-09-10T16:37:06","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T20:37:06","slug":"cryptomeria-scale-on-christmas-trees-purdue-landscape-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/cryptomeria-scale-on-christmas-trees-purdue-landscape-report\/","title":{"rendered":"Cryptomeria Scale on Christmas Trees, Purdue Landscape Report"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Fig.<\/a>

Fig. 1. Yellowing mottling damage due to scale feeding. Image: Brian Kunkel, University of Delaware.<\/p><\/div>\n

Purdue Landscape Report<\/em><\/a>: Christmas tree growers have been struggling with an invasive scale pest called Cryptomeria scale (Aspidiotus cryptomeriae<\/em>), which is a serious pest of conifers. The scales infest the undersides of the needles and extract plant juices with their piercing-sucking mouthparts. Economic losses are due to the unsightly yellow discoloration and needle drop that occurs from the insect feeding (Fig. 1).<\/p>\n

Life cycle: <\/strong>Cryptomeria scale has two generations per year. It overwinters as second-instar nymphs on the undersides of the needles, and in spring (March-April) the nymphs begin feeding again and continue development. They reach maturity by late spring. The adult females are flightless and remain stationary. They have a \u201cfried egg\u201d appearance of a white oval shape with a yellow center (Fig. 2). The adult males are alate, meaning they have wings (Fig. 3). Males fly in the summer, typically in July. They will mate with the females and die shortly after. The females lay eggs in the weeks following the mating flight. Egg hatch occurs around late August. These newly-hatched nymphs are called \u201ccrawlers\u201d, because they are mobile and will disperse across the plant to find a new spot to settle and feed. Cryptomeria scale nymphs may not move very far from the female; many settle close to the female. The crawler stage is over by early September, when most have established a feeding site. They will develop through the fall into second-instars and overwinter until the following spring.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

\n\""Fig.\"
\n<\/a>
Fig. 2. Adult female Cryptomeria scale. Image: United States National Collection of Scale Insects Photographs, USDA Agricultural Research Service.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\n\"Fig.
\n<\/a>
Fig. 3. Alate adult males. Image from Purdue Landscape Report<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Management: <\/strong>Scout for the scale in the late winter when the scales are overwintering and prune infested branches, or remove the entire tree if heavily infested. Lady beetles and parasitic wasps will feed on Cryptomeria scale, so use biorational insecticides to maintain populations of beneficial insects which help control Cryptomeria scale and other pests.<\/p>\n

Since Cryptomeria scales are armored scales, horticultural oils are recommended instead of insecticidal soaps for effective management (Quesada et al. 2017). Apply oils before bud break to target overwintering scales. Make sure to saturate the needles fully, especially the undersides of the needles, to smother the scales. For a more aggressive solution, dinotefuran can be applied for control of Cryptomeria scale. Basal bark applications of dinotefuran applied just after bud break were shown to significantly reduce scale populations and actually improved the rate of parasitism from parasitic wasps (Cowles 2010).<\/p>\n

Not sure if you Cryptomeria scale or something else? Reach out to the\u00a0Plant Pest and Diagnostics Lab<\/a>\u00a0for identification services!<\/p>\n

View the original article on the Purdue Landscape Report website: Cryptomeria scale on Christmas trees<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Subscribe and receive the newsletter:\u00a0Purdue Landscape Report Newsletter<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Resources:
\n<\/strong>A Choose-and-Cut Pine and Fir Christmas Tree Case Study<\/a>, The Education Store, Purdue Extension\u2019s resource center
\nLiving Christmas Trees For The Holidays and Beyond<\/a>, The Education Store
\nTips for First-Time Buyers of Real Christmas Trees<\/a>, The Education Store
\nGrowing Christmas Trees<\/a>, The Education Store
\nSelecting an Indiana-Grown Christmas Tree<\/a>, The Education Store
\nWinterize Your Trees<\/a>, The Education Store
\nTree Installation: Process and Practices<\/a>, The Education Store
\nWhat do Treed Do in the Winter?<\/a>, Got Nature? Blog, Purdue Extension \u2013 Forestry and Natural Resources (FNR)
\nForest\/Timber Playlist<\/a>, subscribe to Purdue Extension \u2013 Forestry and Natural Resources (FNR) YouTube Channel
\nAsk the Expert: Holidays in the Wild<\/a>, Purdue Extension \u2013 FNR YouTube Channel
\nID That Tree: Balsam Fir<\/a>, Purdue Extension \u2013 FNR YouTube Channel
\nID That Tree: Scotch Pine<\/a>, Purdue Extension \u2013 FNR YouTube Channel
\nTo identify other pine trees view\u00a0ID That Tree<\/a>, Purdue Extension \u2013 FNR YouTube Channel
\nReport Invasive<\/a>, Purdue Extension
\nPurdue Plant Doctor<\/a>, Purdue Extension<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Alicia Kelley<\/a>, Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS)<\/a> Coordinator
\nPurdue Extension – Entomology<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Purdue Landscape Report: Christmas tree growers have been struggling with an invasive scale pest called Cryptomeria scale (Aspidiotus cryptomeriae), which is a serious pest of conifers. The scales infest the undersides of the needles and extract plant juices with their piercing-sucking mouthparts. Economic losses are due to the unsightly yellow discoloration and needle drop that […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":62,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,622],"tags":[58,2059,65,367,895,408],"class_list":["post-34484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-invasiveinsects","category-woodlands","tag-christmas-trees","tag-cryptomeria","tag-invasive-insects","tag-invasive-species","tag-purdue-landscape-report","tag-trees","audience-for-enthusiasts","audience-for-homeowners","audience-for-landowners","audience-for-professionals"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-21 21:25:22","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/62"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34484"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34597,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34484\/revisions\/34597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/fnr\/extension\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}