Purpose:

The purpose of this survey is to understand and anonymously share experiences of graduate students with current and future methods instructors to improve the quality of methodological instruction at Purdue and beyond. This survey asked current graduate students questions about the (in)effectiveness of common teaching techniques they may have experienced while taking methods courses at Purdue (and other institutions).

Recruitment

Purdue’s Institutional Data Analytics and Assessment (IDA+A) group provided us with a randomly selected list of n=1,000 graduate students, which included Preferred First Name, Last Name, and @purdue.edu email address on 1/20/23. This list included representation across the Colleges of Health and Human Science and Liberal Arts, and were over-sampled for more strongly AMAP-affiliated departments: (Anthropology, Political Science, Sociology, Communication, Human Development and Family Science, Hospitality and Tourism Management, Public Health, Psychological Sciences, Nursing, Health and Kinesiology).

The survey ran from 1/25/23 to 2/19/23, and four total emails were sent.

All students affirmed that were a Purdue graduate student who has taken at least one course in research design, research methods, quantitative, qualitative, and/or mixed methods, and consented to the survey.

IRB

This study was approved by Purdue University IRB #: IRB-2022-1460 “An Evaluation of Graduate Student Learning in Methods and Statistics Courses at Purdue”. One randomly selected participant out of every 20 received a $50 Amazon gift card for participation.

Funding

Funding was provided by a Teaching Leadership Award (Marceau), awarded by the Purdue Teaching Academy with support from the Center for Instructional Excellence (CIE).

Demographics

We asked participants about their:

  • race/ethnicity

  • gender

  • international/domestic student status

  • college

  • type of graduate program they were enrolled in: PhD program (i.e., you were admitted into a PhD program. Check this if you are working on your dissertation or if you are earning your MS “on your way” to the PhD degree) or Terminal Master program (i.e., you were admitted into a MS program)

  • year in program, and

  • whether they knew about AMAP

See plots for value labels

######### Descriptive Stats ##########

#subest variables
demog.vars<-c("race","gender","international","college","phd","amap")

#frequencies
summarytools::freq(rawAMAPData[demog.vars], display.labels=TRUE)
## Frequencies  
## rawAMAPData$race  
## Label: Race  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      2      2.33           2.33      2.02           2.02
##           2     12     13.95          16.28     12.12          14.14
##           3      5      5.81          22.09      5.05          19.19
##           4      1      1.16          23.26      1.01          20.20
##           5     60     69.77          93.02     60.61          80.81
##           6      6      6.98         100.00      6.06          86.87
##        <NA>     13                              13.13         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$gender  
## Label: Gender  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     66     72.53          72.53     66.67          66.67
##           2     16     17.58          90.11     16.16          82.83
##           3      9      9.89         100.00      9.09          91.92
##        <NA>      8                               8.08         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$international  
## Label: What is your citizenship status?  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     79     85.87          85.87     79.80          79.80
##           1     13     14.13         100.00     13.13          92.93
##        <NA>      7                               7.07         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$college  
## Label: College  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     48     52.75          52.75     48.48          48.48
##           2     42     46.15          98.90     42.42          90.91
##           3      1      1.10         100.00      1.01          91.92
##        <NA>      8                               8.08         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$phd  
## Label: PhD/MS Program  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     65     73.86          73.86     65.66          65.66
##           2     23     26.14         100.00     23.23          88.89
##        <NA>     11                              11.11         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$amap  
## Label: Do you know about Advanced Methods at Purdue (AMAP)?  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     19     21.35          21.35     19.19          19.19
##           2     20     22.47          43.82     20.20          39.39
##           3     50     56.18         100.00     50.51          89.90
##        <NA>     10                              10.10         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00

Plot Demographics

######### Plot setup ##########

#Set plot colors (6 response options)
custom.col <- c("#c4bfc0","#555960","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e")

#Set plot style (6 response options)
plot.style = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col), 
  labs(x="Freq.", y= "")
)

#Set plot colors (7 response options)
custom.col7 <- c("#c4bfc0","#555960","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e","black")

#Set plot style (7 response options)
plot.style2 = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col7), 
  labs(x="Freq.", y= "")
)

#set plot colors (3 response options)
custom.col.3 <- c("#8e6f3e", "#000000", "#c4bfc0")

#set plot style (3 response options)
plot.style3 = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col.3), 
  labs(x="Freq.", y= "")
)


######### Plot Demographics ##########

r_p <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(race)),
         aes(y=factor(race), fill=factor(race))) +
         labs(title = "Races/Ethnicity") + 
         scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,60),
                    breaks=(seq(0, 60, 10))) +
         scale_y_discrete(limits = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"),
                    labels=c("1" = 'American Indian/Alaska Native', "2" = 'Asian',
                             "3" = 'Black/African American', 
                             "4" = 'Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander', 
                             "5" = 'White', '6' = 'Hispanic/Latinx')) +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

r_p

## gender
g_p <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(gender)),
         aes(y=factor(gender), fill=factor(gender))) +
         labs(title = "Gender") + 
         scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,66),
                    breaks=(seq(0, 60, 10))) +
         scale_y_discrete(limits = c("1", "2", "3"),
                    labels=c("1" = 'Woman', 
                             "2" = 'Man',
                             "3" = 'Non-Binary')) +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style3

## international
i_p <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(international)),
         aes(y=factor(international), fill=factor(international))) +
         labs(title = "Citizenship") + 
         scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,80),
                    breaks=(seq(0, 80, 10))) +
         scale_y_discrete(limits = c("0", "1"),
                    labels=c("0" = 'US Citizens/PR/GC', 
                             "1" = 'International')) +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style3

# align two graphs vertically
plot_grid(g_p, i_p, ncol = 1, align ="v")

# maxWidth = grid::unit.pmax(g_p$widths[2:5], i_p$widths[2:5])
# g_p$widths[2:5] <- as.list(maxWidth)
# i_p$widths[2:5] <- as.list(maxWidth)
# grid.arrange(g_p, i_p, ncol=1)

# grid::grid.newpage()
# grid::grid.draw(rbind(g_p, i_p))

## college
c_p <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(college)),
         aes(y=factor(college), fill=factor(college))) +
         labs(title = "College") + 
         scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,50),
                    breaks=(seq(0, 50, 10))) +
         scale_y_discrete(limits = c("1", "2", "3"),
                    labels=c("1" = 'Health and Human Sciences', 
                             "2" = 'Liberal Arts',
                             "3" = 'Science')) +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style3

## PhD
p_p <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(phd)),
         aes(y=factor(phd), fill=factor(phd))) +
         labs(title = "PHD/MS") + 
         scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,65),
                    breaks=(seq(0, 60, 10))) +
         scale_y_discrete(limits = c("1", "2"),
                    labels=c("1" = 'Working toward PhD', 
                             "2" = 'Terminal MS Student')) +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style3

# align two graphs vertically
plot_grid(c_p, p_p, ncol = 1, align ="v")

# AMAP
p_AMAP <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(amap)),
         aes(y=factor(amap), fill=factor(amap))) +
         labs(title = "AMAP involvement") + 
         scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,65),
                    breaks=(seq(0, 60, 10))) +
         scale_y_discrete(limits = c("1", "2","3"),
                    labels=c("1" = 'Current/Considering AMAP certificate student', 
                             "2" = 'Attended programming (no cert)', 
                             "3" = 'Have not heard of AMAP')) +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style3

p_AMAP

######### Descriptive Stats ##########

#subest variables
demog.vars<-c("race","gender","international","college","phd","amap")

#frequencies
summarytools::freq(rawAMAPData[demog.vars], display.labels=TRUE)
## Frequencies  
## rawAMAPData$race  
## Label: Race  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      2      2.33           2.33      2.02           2.02
##           2     12     13.95          16.28     12.12          14.14
##           3      5      5.81          22.09      5.05          19.19
##           4      1      1.16          23.26      1.01          20.20
##           5     60     69.77          93.02     60.61          80.81
##           6      6      6.98         100.00      6.06          86.87
##        <NA>     13                              13.13         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$gender  
## Label: Gender  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     66     72.53          72.53     66.67          66.67
##           2     16     17.58          90.11     16.16          82.83
##           3      9      9.89         100.00      9.09          91.92
##        <NA>      8                               8.08         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$international  
## Label: What is your citizenship status?  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     79     85.87          85.87     79.80          79.80
##           1     13     14.13         100.00     13.13          92.93
##        <NA>      7                               7.07         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$college  
## Label: College  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     48     52.75          52.75     48.48          48.48
##           2     42     46.15          98.90     42.42          90.91
##           3      1      1.10         100.00      1.01          91.92
##        <NA>      8                               8.08         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$phd  
## Label: PhD/MS Program  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     65     73.86          73.86     65.66          65.66
##           2     23     26.14         100.00     23.23          88.89
##        <NA>     11                              11.11         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$amap  
## Label: Do you know about Advanced Methods at Purdue (AMAP)?  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     19     21.35          21.35     19.19          19.19
##           2     20     22.47          43.82     20.20          39.39
##           3     50     56.18         100.00     50.51          89.90
##        <NA>     10                              10.10         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00

The respondents were majority White, Female, Domestic students roughly split between the College of Health and Human Sciences and the College of Liberal Arts. Most were working towards a PhD (rather than a terminal MS, which is often more applied with less focus on methods training). Just over half had never heard of AMAP.

Methods Experience

To gather information about their previous methods experience, we asked participants

  • how many methods courses have you taken at the graduate level

  • what broad type of research methods do you regularly use (check all that apply, of Mostly Quantitative, Mostly Qualitative, Mixed Methods)

  • how many years of graduate study they completed

######### Descriptive Stats ##########

## # of method course
psych::describe(rawAMAPData$nummethodscourses)
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis   se
## X1    1 99 3.28 1.21      3    3.28 1.48   1   5     4 -0.07    -1.09 0.12
## program year
psych::describe(rawAMAPData$programyear)
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range skew kurtosis   se
## X1    1 93 3.32 1.83      3    3.32 2.97   1   7     6  0.3    -0.96 0.19
demog.vars<-c("race","gender","international","college","phd","amap")

Plot Experience and Efficacy

######### Plot setup ##########

custom.col <- c("#c4bfc0","#555960","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e")

plot.style = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col), 
  labs(x="Freq.", y= "")
)


custom.col7 <- c("#c4bfc0","#555960","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e","black")

plot.style2 = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col7), 
  labs(x="Freq.", y= "")
)


######### Plots ##########


## # methods courses

m_p <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(nummethodscourses)),
         aes(y=factor(nummethodscourses), fill=factor(nummethodscourses))) +
         labs(title = "# of Methods Courses Taken") + 
         scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,30),
                    breaks=(seq(0, 30, 10))) +
         scale_y_discrete(limits = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
                    labels=c("1" = '0',
                             "2" = '1',
                             "3" = '2-3',
                             "4" = '4-5',
                             "5" = "6+")) +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

m_p

## method type

quan_p <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(mostquant)),
         aes(y=factor(mostquant), fill=factor(mostquant))) +
         labs(title = "Methods Used") + 
         scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,75),
                    breaks=(seq(0, 75, 10))) +
         scale_y_discrete(limits = c("1"),
                    labels=c("1" = 'Quantitative')) +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style
qual_p <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(mostqual)),
         aes(y=factor(mostqual), fill=factor(mostqual))) +
         scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,75),
                    breaks=(seq(0, 75, 10))) +
         scale_y_discrete(limits = c("1"),
                    labels=c("1" = 'Qualitative')) +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style
mix_p <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(mostmixed)),
         aes(y=factor(mostmixed), fill=factor(mostmixed))) +
         scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,60),
                    breaks=(seq(0, 60, 10))) +
         scale_y_discrete(limits = c("1"),
                    labels=c("1" = 'Mixed Methods')) +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

plot_grid(quan_p, qual_p, mix_p, ncol = 1, align ="v")

## year in program

y_p <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(programyear)),
         aes(y=factor(programyear), fill=factor(programyear))) +
         labs(title = "Program Year") + 
         scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,21),
                    breaks=(seq(0, 20, 5))) +
         scale_y_discrete(limits = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7"),
                    labels=c("1" = '1st Year', 
                             "2" = '2nd Year',
                             "3" = '3rd Year',
                             "4" = '4th Year',
                             "5" = '5th Year',
                             "6" = '6th Year', 
                             "7" = '> 6 Year')) +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style2

y_p

The respondents had taken on average 3-4 methods courses, ranging from 0 to more than 6. Students used primarily Quantitative and Mixed Methods, with relatively few reporting only using primarily Qualitative methods. Students were on average in their third year, but with a wide range from 1st through >6 year students represented.

Methods Self-Efficacy

We developed a new measure of methods self-efficacy that included 9 items rated on a scale of 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = somewhat disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 4 = somewhat agree, 5 = strongly agree.

Participants were asked to Please rate the extent to which you (dis)agree with each of the following statements in general.

  1. I am confident in my ability in advanced methods.
  2. I identify as a student who is nervous about stats/methods courses. (reverse coded)
  3. I enjoy stats/methods courses I have taken at Purdue.
  4. Stats/methods courses are easy for me.
  5. I am afraid to ask for help from my methods instructors or TAs. (reverse coded)
  6. I identify as a student who is interested in advanced methods.
  7. I struggle in my stats/methods courses. (reverse coded)
  8. I can figure out how to do the assignments in my methods/stats courses if I apply myself.
  9. I am afraid to speak up in class or answer questions because I don’t want others to know I am not following. (reverse coded)

To create the scale score, we first reverse code items 2,5,7, and 9, and then subtract 1 from all items so that zero is meaningful. Then, items are averaged.

#reverse score items
rawAMAPData$stat_efficacy_2r<- 6-rawAMAPData$stat_efficacy_2
rawAMAPData$stat_efficacy_5r<- 6-rawAMAPData$stat_efficacy_5
rawAMAPData$stat_efficacy_7r<- 6-rawAMAPData$stat_efficacy_7
rawAMAPData$stat_efficacy_9r<- 6-rawAMAPData$stat_efficacy_9

#specify items that go into the scale
stat_efficacy_items<-c("stat_efficacy_1","stat_efficacy_2r","stat_efficacy_3","stat_efficacy_4","stat_efficacy_5r","stat_efficacy_6","stat_efficacy_7r","stat_efficacy_8","stat_efficacy_9r")

#describe items
psych::describe(rawAMAPData[stat_efficacy_items])
##                  vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew
## stat_efficacy_1     1 92 3.49 0.92      4    3.50 1.48   1   5     4 -0.43
## stat_efficacy_2r    2 92 2.87 1.42      3    2.84 1.48   1   5     4  0.14
## stat_efficacy_3     3 92 3.77 1.19      4    3.92 1.48   1   5     4 -0.88
## stat_efficacy_4     4 92 2.87 1.24      3    2.84 1.48   1   5     4  0.07
## stat_efficacy_5r    5 92 4.01 1.06      4    4.15 1.48   1   5     4 -0.89
## stat_efficacy_6     6 92 3.90 1.16      4    4.08 1.48   1   5     4 -1.03
## stat_efficacy_7r    7 92 3.59 1.20      4    3.69 1.48   1   5     4 -0.58
## stat_efficacy_8     8 92 4.21 0.91      4    4.35 1.48   1   5     4 -1.19
## stat_efficacy_9r    9 92 3.53 1.31      4    3.61 1.48   1   5     4 -0.31
##                  kurtosis   se
## stat_efficacy_1     -0.52 0.10
## stat_efficacy_2r    -1.40 0.15
## stat_efficacy_3     -0.15 0.12
## stat_efficacy_4     -1.13 0.13
## stat_efficacy_5r    -0.26 0.11
## stat_efficacy_6      0.32 0.12
## stat_efficacy_7r    -0.64 0.12
## stat_efficacy_8      1.15 0.09
## stat_efficacy_9r    -1.29 0.14
#subtract 1 from all items to make meaningful 0
rawAMAPData[stat_efficacy_items]<-rawAMAPData[stat_efficacy_items]-1

#describe again (spot check)
psych::describe(rawAMAPData[stat_efficacy_items])
##                  vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew
## stat_efficacy_1     1 92 2.49 0.92      3    2.50 1.48   0   4     4 -0.43
## stat_efficacy_2r    2 92 1.87 1.42      2    1.84 1.48   0   4     4  0.14
## stat_efficacy_3     3 92 2.77 1.19      3    2.92 1.48   0   4     4 -0.88
## stat_efficacy_4     4 92 1.87 1.24      2    1.84 1.48   0   4     4  0.07
## stat_efficacy_5r    5 92 3.01 1.06      3    3.15 1.48   0   4     4 -0.89
## stat_efficacy_6     6 92 2.90 1.16      3    3.08 1.48   0   4     4 -1.03
## stat_efficacy_7r    7 92 2.59 1.20      3    2.69 1.48   0   4     4 -0.58
## stat_efficacy_8     8 92 3.21 0.91      3    3.35 1.48   0   4     4 -1.19
## stat_efficacy_9r    9 92 2.53 1.31      3    2.61 1.48   0   4     4 -0.31
##                  kurtosis   se
## stat_efficacy_1     -0.52 0.10
## stat_efficacy_2r    -1.40 0.15
## stat_efficacy_3     -0.15 0.12
## stat_efficacy_4     -1.13 0.13
## stat_efficacy_5r    -0.26 0.11
## stat_efficacy_6      0.32 0.12
## stat_efficacy_7r    -0.64 0.12
## stat_efficacy_8      1.15 0.09
## stat_efficacy_9r    -1.29 0.14
#save items into a new dataframe
stat_efficacy.itemdata<-as.data.frame(rawAMAPData[stat_efficacy_items])

#Cronbach's alpha (uses ltm package)
cronbach.alpha(na.omit(stat_efficacy.itemdata))
## 
## Cronbach's alpha for the 'na.omit(stat_efficacy.itemdata)' data-set
## 
## Items: 9
## Sample units: 92
## alpha: 0.801
#build correlation matrix for heatmap
cormat <- round(cor(stat_efficacy.itemdata, use="pairwise.complete.obs"),2) 
head(cormat)
##                  stat_efficacy_1 stat_efficacy_2r stat_efficacy_3
## stat_efficacy_1             1.00             0.40            0.22
## stat_efficacy_2r            0.40             1.00            0.35
## stat_efficacy_3             0.22             0.35            1.00
## stat_efficacy_4             0.28             0.65            0.37
## stat_efficacy_5r            0.10             0.26            0.19
## stat_efficacy_6             0.23             0.40            0.56
##                  stat_efficacy_4 stat_efficacy_5r stat_efficacy_6
## stat_efficacy_1             0.28             0.10            0.23
## stat_efficacy_2r            0.65             0.26            0.40
## stat_efficacy_3             0.37             0.19            0.56
## stat_efficacy_4             1.00             0.15            0.43
## stat_efficacy_5r            0.15             1.00            0.17
## stat_efficacy_6             0.43             0.17            1.00
##                  stat_efficacy_7r stat_efficacy_8 stat_efficacy_9r
## stat_efficacy_1              0.20            0.14             0.23
## stat_efficacy_2r             0.72            0.41             0.32
## stat_efficacy_3              0.40            0.49             0.01
## stat_efficacy_4              0.65            0.36             0.16
## stat_efficacy_5r             0.17            0.08             0.42
## stat_efficacy_6              0.37            0.27             0.05
#select upper triangle only
get_upper_tri <- function(cormat){
  cormat[lower.tri(cormat)]<- NA
  return(cormat)
}

#save as upper tri
upper_tri <- get_upper_tri(cormat)
upper_tri
##                  stat_efficacy_1 stat_efficacy_2r stat_efficacy_3
## stat_efficacy_1                1              0.4            0.22
## stat_efficacy_2r              NA              1.0            0.35
## stat_efficacy_3               NA               NA            1.00
## stat_efficacy_4               NA               NA              NA
## stat_efficacy_5r              NA               NA              NA
## stat_efficacy_6               NA               NA              NA
## stat_efficacy_7r              NA               NA              NA
## stat_efficacy_8               NA               NA              NA
## stat_efficacy_9r              NA               NA              NA
##                  stat_efficacy_4 stat_efficacy_5r stat_efficacy_6
## stat_efficacy_1             0.28             0.10            0.23
## stat_efficacy_2r            0.65             0.26            0.40
## stat_efficacy_3             0.37             0.19            0.56
## stat_efficacy_4             1.00             0.15            0.43
## stat_efficacy_5r              NA             1.00            0.17
## stat_efficacy_6               NA               NA            1.00
## stat_efficacy_7r              NA               NA              NA
## stat_efficacy_8               NA               NA              NA
## stat_efficacy_9r              NA               NA              NA
##                  stat_efficacy_7r stat_efficacy_8 stat_efficacy_9r
## stat_efficacy_1              0.20            0.14             0.23
## stat_efficacy_2r             0.72            0.41             0.32
## stat_efficacy_3              0.40            0.49             0.01
## stat_efficacy_4              0.65            0.36             0.16
## stat_efficacy_5r             0.17            0.08             0.42
## stat_efficacy_6              0.37            0.27             0.05
## stat_efficacy_7r             1.00            0.42             0.29
## stat_efficacy_8                NA            1.00             0.00
## stat_efficacy_9r               NA              NA             1.00
# Melt the correlation matrix
melted_cormat <- melt(upper_tri, na.rm = TRUE)

# Create a ggheatmap
ggheatmap <- ggplot(melted_cormat, aes(Var2, Var1, fill = value))+
  geom_tile(color = "white")+
  scale_fill_gradient2(low = "black", high = "#8e6f3e", mid = "white", 
                       midpoint = 0, limit = c(-1,1), space = "Lab", 
                       name="Pearson\nCorrelation") +
  theme_minimal()+ # minimal theme
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, 
                                   size = 12, hjust = 1))+
  coord_fixed()

# print formatted heatmap
ggheatmap + 
  geom_text(aes(Var2, Var1, label = value), color = "black", size = 4) +
  theme(
    axis.title.x = element_blank(),
    axis.title.y = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
    panel.border = element_blank(),
    panel.background = element_blank(),
    axis.ticks = element_blank(),
    legend.justification = c(1, 0),
    legend.position = c(.5,.7),
    legend.direction = "horizontal")+
  guides(fill = guide_colorbar(barwidth = 7, barheight = 1,
                               title.position = "top", title.hjust = 0.5))

#build scale
rawAMAPData$stat_efficacy<-rowMeans(stat_efficacy.itemdata, na.rm=TRUE)

stat_efficacy.itemdata$stat_efficacy<-rowMeans(stat_efficacy.itemdata, na.rm=TRUE)

stat.efficacy.plot.data<-as.data.frame(na.omit(stat_efficacy.itemdata))

#plot histogram fro scale
ggplot(stat.efficacy.plot.data, aes(stat_efficacy)) +
  geom_histogram(color = "#c4bfc0", fill = "#8e6f3e",bins=20) +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = mean(stat_efficacy)), color = "black", linewidth = 1.25) +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = mean(stat_efficacy) + sd(stat_efficacy)), color = "black", linewidth = 1, linetype = "dashed") +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = mean(stat_efficacy) - sd(stat_efficacy)), color = "black", linewidth = 1, linetype = "dashed")

#describe scale
psych::describe(rawAMAPData$stat_efficacy)
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range skew kurtosis   se
## X1    1 92 2.58 0.72   2.56    2.58 0.82   1   4     3    0     -0.9 0.08

This new scale was internally consistent, with relatively higher item correlations between NOT identifying as a student who is nervous about stats/methods, NOT struggling in stats/methods courses, and reporting that stats/methods courses are easy for them. Speaking up in class and being afraid to ask for help correlated relatively less with the other items. The distribution was relatively flat in the center of the scale, and there were no individuals reporting a complete lack of methods self-efficacy.

Effectiveness of Teaching Techniques

Survey Prompt: For each of the following teaching techniques, please rate the (in)effectiveness in terms of how much the teaching technique or strategy helps you learn (as opposed to whether you enjoy or prefer the technique or strategy if those differ). We recognize that not every teaching strategy works for every class. You may think about particular courses or answer in general across courses for the following set of questions. Please use the full range of the scale as appropriate. We encourage you to use the text boxes to contextualize your response if you’re willing to.

Text boxes followed each quantitative question; qualitative responses are currently being coded.

Structure

Please rate how much these components of course structure help you learn. Feel free to contextualize your answers in the free response space below each prompt.

Answer Options:

I have not experienced this (N/A = 0); Highly Ineffective (1); Ineffective (2); Neutral (3); Effective (4); Highly Effective (5)

######### Descriptive Stats ##########

#select structure vars and subtract 1 to make a meaningful zero.
Structure.vars<-rawAMAPData[,113:117]

#describe structure vars
summarytools::freq(Structure.vars)
## Frequencies  
## Structure.vars$s_pptslide  
## Label: PowerPoint Slides  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      2      2.17           2.17      2.02           2.02
##           1      1      1.09           3.26      1.01           3.03
##           2     11     11.96          15.22     11.11          14.14
##           3      4      4.35          19.57      4.04          18.18
##           4     46     50.00          69.57     46.46          64.65
##           5     28     30.43         100.00     28.28          92.93
##        <NA>      7                               7.07         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Structure.vars$s_whitebrd  
## Label: White Board  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     16     17.20          17.20     16.16          16.16
##           2      8      8.60          25.81      8.08          24.24
##           3     20     21.51          47.31     20.20          44.44
##           4     30     32.26          79.57     30.30          74.75
##           5     19     20.43         100.00     19.19          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Structure.vars$s_lab_data  
## Label: Lab or Data Analysis Component  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     10     10.75          10.75     10.10          10.10
##           1      1      1.08          11.83      1.01          11.11
##           2      2      2.15          13.98      2.02          13.13
##           3      7      7.53          21.51      7.07          20.20
##           4     20     21.51          43.01     20.20          40.40
##           5     53     56.99         100.00     53.54          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Structure.vars$s_videos  
## Label: Videos  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     22     23.91          23.91     22.22          22.22
##           2      8      8.70          32.61      8.08          30.30
##           3     15     16.30          48.91     15.15          45.45
##           4     17     18.48          67.39     17.17          62.63
##           5     30     32.61         100.00     30.30          92.93
##        <NA>      7                               7.07         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Structure.vars$s_recording  
## Label: Recorded Lectures  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     17     18.28          18.28     17.17          17.17
##           1      2      2.15          20.43      2.02          19.19
##           2     14     15.05          35.48     14.14          33.33
##           3     10     10.75          46.24     10.10          43.43
##           4     23     24.73          70.97     23.23          66.67
##           5     27     29.03         100.00     27.27          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
#remove NAs
Structure.vars<-na_if(Structure.vars, 0)
psych::describe(Structure.vars)
##             vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis
## s_pptslide     1 90 3.99 0.98      4    4.12 0.00   1   5     4 -1.05     0.47
## s_whitebrd     2 77 3.78 0.94      4    3.84 1.48   2   5     3 -0.31    -0.85
## s_lab_data     3 83 4.47 0.85      5    4.64 0.00   1   5     4 -1.76     3.05
## s_videos       4 70 3.99 1.06      4    4.11 1.48   2   5     3 -0.55    -1.05
## s_recording    5 76 3.78 1.20      4    3.87 1.48   1   5     4 -0.59    -0.92
##               se
## s_pptslide  0.10
## s_whitebrd  0.11
## s_lab_data  0.09
## s_videos    0.13
## s_recording 0.14

Specific items are listed as plot titles.

Plot Structure

######### Plot Setup ##########

#define colors
custom.col <- c("#c4bfc0","#555960","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e")
custom.col.noIE <- c("#c4bfc0","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e")

#define plot styles
plot.style = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col,na.translate = FALSE), 
  labs(y="Freq.", x= ""),
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
              labels=c("0" = 'N/A', "1" = 'Highly Ineffective', "2" = 'Ineffective', 
                       "3" = 'Neutral', "4" = 'Effective', "5" = 'Highly Effective')),
  
  scale_y_continuous(breaks=(seq(0, 50, 10)), limits = c(0, 55))
)

plot.style2 = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col.noIE,na.translate = FALSE), 
  labs(y="Freq.", x= ""),
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
              labels=c("0" = 'N/A', "1" = 'Highly Ineffective', "2" = 'Ineffective', 
                       "3" = 'Neutral', "4" = 'Effective', "5" = 'Highly Effective')),
  
  scale_y_continuous(breaks=(seq(0, 50, 10)), limits = c(0, 55))
)


######### Plots ##########

s1 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(s_pptslide)), 
         aes(x=factor(s_pptslide), fill=factor(s_pptslide))) +
         labs(title = "PowerPoint Slides") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

s2 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(s_whitebrd)), 
         aes(x=factor(s_whitebrd), fill=factor(s_whitebrd))) +
         labs(title = "White Board") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style2

s3 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(s_lab_data)), 
         aes(x=factor(s_lab_data), fill=factor(s_lab_data))) +
         labs(title = "Lab or Data Analysis") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

s4 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(s_videos)), 
         aes(x=factor(s_videos), fill=factor(s_videos))) +
         labs(title = "Videos") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style2

s5 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(s_recording)), 
         aes(x=factor(s_recording), fill=factor(s_recording))) +
         labs(title = "Recorded Lectures") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

grid.arrange(s1, s2, s3, ncol=3)

grid.arrange(s4, s5, ncol=3)

In general, all five options were rated as on average effective. Lab sections or data analysis was seen as highly effective, and PowerPoint slides as effective. In general, students found each option effective, with few endorsing ineffective options. Most students reported that PowerPoint slides were effective, and lab or data analysis were very effective. Relatively fewer students experienced videos or recorded lectures, with generally positive but overall mixed responses to the effectiveness of each.

Follow-up qualitative questions are currently being coded

  1. Think about the best methods course you have taken with regard to course structure. What stands out as particularly effective? This may be something we asked about above, or something else we Missed.
  2. Think about the worst methods course you have taken with regard to course structure. What stands out as particularly ineffective? This may be something we asked about above, or something else we missed.

Resources

Please rate how much these components of resources help you learn. Feel free to contextualize your answers in the free response space below each prompt.

Answer Options:

I have not experienced this (N/A = 0); Highly Ineffective (1); Ineffective (2); Neutral (3); Effective (4); Highly Effective (5)

######### Descriptive Stats ##########

#select resource vars and subtract 1 to make a meaningful zero.
Resource.vars<-rawAMAPData[,118:121]

#remove NAs
Resource.vars<-na_if(Resource.vars, 0)

#describe resource vars
summarytools::freq(Resource.vars)
## Frequencies  
## Resource.vars$r_slide  
## Label: Slides Provided Ahead of the Class  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      5      6.10           6.10      5.05           5.05
##           2      2      2.44           8.54      2.02           7.07
##           3     11     13.41          21.95     11.11          18.18
##           4     33     40.24          62.20     33.33          51.52
##           5     31     37.80         100.00     31.31          82.83
##        <NA>     17                              17.17         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Resource.vars$r_code  
## Label: Example Codes  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      2      2.74           2.74      2.02           2.02
##           3      5      6.85           9.59      5.05           7.07
##           4      7      9.59          19.18      7.07          14.14
##           5     59     80.82         100.00     59.60          73.74
##        <NA>     26                              26.26         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Resource.vars$r_meet  
## Label: Meetings with Professor/TA After Class  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      2      2.41           2.41      2.02           2.02
##           3      6      7.23           9.64      6.06           8.08
##           4     27     32.53          42.17     27.27          35.35
##           5     48     57.83         100.00     48.48          83.84
##        <NA>     16                              16.16         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Resource.vars$r_online  
## Label: Extra/Online Resources on Course Web  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      2      2.38           2.38      2.02           2.02
##           2      6      7.14           9.52      6.06           8.08
##           3     15     17.86          27.38     15.15          23.23
##           4     30     35.71          63.10     30.30          53.54
##           5     31     36.90         100.00     31.31          84.85
##        <NA>     15                              15.15         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
psych::describe(Resource.vars)
##          vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis
## r_slide     1 82 4.01 1.08      4    4.20 1.48   1   5     4 -1.29     1.31
## r_code      2 73 4.68 0.72      5    4.88 0.00   2   5     3 -2.27     4.29
## r_meet      3 83 4.46 0.74      5    4.60 0.00   2   5     3 -1.30     1.29
## r_online    4 84 3.98 1.03      4    4.12 1.48   1   5     4 -0.87     0.14
##            se
## r_slide  0.12
## r_code   0.08
## r_meet   0.08
## r_online 0.11

Specific items are listed as plot titles

Plot Resources

######### Plot Setup ##########

#define colors
custom.col <- c("#c4bfc0","#555960","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e")
custom.col.noIE <- c("#c4bfc0","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e")

#define plot styles
plot.style = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col,na.translate = FALSE), 
  labs(y="Freq.", x= ""),
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
              labels=c("0" = 'N/A', "1" = 'Highly Ineffective', "2" = 'Ineffective', 
                       "3" = 'Neutral', "4" = 'Effective', "5" = 'Highly Effective')),
  
  scale_y_continuous(breaks=(seq(0, 70, 10)), limits = c(0, 70))
)

plot.style2 = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col.noIE,na.translate = FALSE), 
  labs(y="Freq.", x= ""),
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
              labels=c("0" = 'N/A', "1" = 'Highly Ineffective', "2" = 'Ineffective', 
                       "3" = 'Neutral', "4" = 'Effective', "5" = 'Highly Effective')),
  
  scale_y_continuous(breaks=(seq(0, 70, 10)), limits = c(0, 70))
)


######### Plots ##########

r1 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(r_slide)), 
         aes(x=factor(r_slide), fill=factor(r_slide))) +
         labs(title = "Slides Provided Ahead of the Class") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

r2 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(r_code)), 
         aes(x=factor(r_code), fill=factor(r_code))) +
         labs(title = "Example Code") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style2

r3 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(r_meet)), 
         aes(x=factor(r_meet), fill=factor(r_meet))) +
         labs(title = "Meetings with Professor/TA") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style2

r4 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(r_online)), 
         aes(x=factor(r_online), fill=factor(r_online))) +
         labs(title = "Extra/Online Resources") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

grid.arrange(r1, r2, ncol=2)

grid.arrange(r3, r4, ncol=2)

Providing code was the most highly rated resource, with the majority of students who were provided code rating it as highly effective. The next most effective resource of the options provided was meetings with professors/TAS. Most students found providing slides ahead of class and extra or online resources effective or highly effective.

Follow-up qualitative questions are currently being coded

  1. Think about the best methods course you have taken with regard to resources. What stands out as particularly effective? This may be something we asked about above, or something else we missed.
  2. Think about the worst methods course you have taken with regard to resources. What stands out as particularly ineffective? This may be something we asked about above, or something else we missed.

Data

Please rate how much these components of data help you learn. Feel free to contextualize your answers in the free response space below each prompt.

Answer Options:

I have not experienced this (N/A = 0); Highly Ineffective (1); Ineffective (2); Neutral (3); Effective (4); Highly Effective (5)

######### Descriptive Stats ##########

#select resource vars, make NA 0 and likert scale 1-5
Data.vars<-rawAMAPData[,122:124]

#describe resource vars
summarytools::freq(Data.vars)
## Frequencies  
## Data.vars$d_owndata  
## Label: Bring Your Own Data  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     15     16.30          16.30     15.15          15.15
##           1      2      2.17          18.48      2.02          17.17
##           2      2      2.17          20.65      2.02          19.19
##           3     12     13.04          33.70     12.12          31.31
##           4     20     21.74          55.43     20.20          51.52
##           5     41     44.57         100.00     41.41          92.93
##        <NA>      7                               7.07         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Data.vars$d_prvddata  
## Label: Provides Data  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      2      2.15           2.15      2.02           2.02
##           1      2      2.15           4.30      2.02           4.04
##           2      3      3.23           7.53      3.03           7.07
##           3     13     13.98          21.51     13.13          20.20
##           4     28     30.11          51.61     28.28          48.48
##           5     45     48.39         100.00     45.45          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Data.vars$d_cllctdata  
## Label: Data Collection in Course  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     30     32.61          32.61     30.30          30.30
##           1      4      4.35          36.96      4.04          34.34
##           2     14     15.22          52.17     14.14          48.48
##           3     12     13.04          65.22     12.12          60.61
##           4     12     13.04          78.26     12.12          72.73
##           5     20     21.74         100.00     20.20          92.93
##        <NA>      7                               7.07         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
psych::describe(Data.vars)
##             vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis
## d_owndata      1 92 3.55 1.82      4    3.81 1.48   0   5     5 -1.07    -0.34
## d_prvddata     2 93 4.13 1.13      4    4.33 1.48   0   5     5 -1.62     2.72
## d_cllctdata    3 92 2.35 1.97      2    2.31 2.97   0   5     5  0.05    -1.55
##               se
## d_owndata   0.19
## d_prvddata  0.12
## d_cllctdata 0.21

Specific items are listed as plot titles

Plot Data

######### Plot setup ##########

#define colors
custom.col <- c("#c4bfc0","#555960","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e")

#define plot style
plot.style = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col), 
  labs(y="Freq.", x= ""),
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
              labels=c("0" = 'N/A', "1" = 'Highly Ineffective', "2" = 'Ineffective', 
                       "3" = 'Neutral', "4" = 'Effective', "5" = 'Highly Effective')),
  scale_y_continuous(breaks=(seq(0, 50, 10)), limits = c(0, 50))
)

######### Plots ##########

d1 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(d_owndata)), 
         aes(x=factor(d_owndata), fill=factor(d_owndata))) +
         labs(title = "Encourges own data") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

d2 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(d_prvddata)), 
         aes(x=factor(d_prvddata), fill=factor(d_prvddata))) +
         labs(title = "Provides Data") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

d3 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(d_cllctdata)), 
         aes(x=factor(d_cllctdata), fill=factor(d_cllctdata))) +
         labs(title = "Course collects data") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

grid.arrange(d1, d2, d3, ncol=3)

Regarding data, students found professors encouraging use of own data and providing data to sue highly effective. Fewer students experienced having to collect data in the class, and among those who did the reports of effectiveness were more spread and neutral.

Follow-up qualitative questions are currently being coded

  1. Think about the best methods course you have taken with regard to data. What stands out as particularly effective? This may be something we asked about above, or something else we missed.
  2. Think about the worst methods course you have taken with regard to data. What stands out as particularly ineffective? This may be something we asked about above, or something else we missed.

Content

Please rate how much these components of content help you learn. Feel free to contextualize your answers in the free response space below each prompt.

Answer Options:

I have not experienced this (N/A = 0); Highly Ineffective (1); Ineffective (2); Neutral (3); Effective (4); Highly Effective (5)

######### Descriptive Stats ##########

#select structure vars and subtract 1 to make a meaningful zero.
content.vars<-rawAMAPData[,125:128]

#describe structure vars
summarytools::freq(content.vars)
## Frequencies  
## content.vars$c_appliedeg  
## Label: Topically-Relevant (Applied) Examples  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      1      1.09           1.09      1.01           1.01
##           2      1      1.09           2.17      1.01           2.02
##           3      1      1.09           3.26      1.01           3.03
##           4     20     21.74          25.00     20.20          23.23
##           5     69     75.00         100.00     69.70          92.93
##        <NA>      7                               7.07         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## content.vars$c_discussion  
## Label: Class Discussion for Methods Literature  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      7      7.53           7.53      7.07           7.07
##           1      3      3.23          10.75      3.03          10.10
##           2     11     11.83          22.58     11.11          21.21
##           3     10     10.75          33.33     10.10          31.31
##           4     32     34.41          67.74     32.32          63.64
##           5     30     32.26         100.00     30.30          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## content.vars$c_prstmethod  
## Label: Students Present Methods Paper  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     20     21.51          21.51     20.20          20.20
##           1     11     11.83          33.33     11.11          31.31
##           2      9      9.68          43.01      9.09          40.40
##           3     16     17.20          60.22     16.16          56.57
##           4     22     23.66          83.87     22.22          78.79
##           5     15     16.13         100.00     15.15          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## content.vars$c_replicate  
## Label: Students Replicate Analysis in Paper  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     46     49.46          49.46     46.46          46.46
##           1      2      2.15          51.61      2.02          48.48
##           2      3      3.23          54.84      3.03          51.52
##           3     10     10.75          65.59     10.10          61.62
##           4     15     16.13          81.72     15.15          76.77
##           5     17     18.28         100.00     17.17          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
#remove NAs
content.vars<-na_if(content.vars, 0)
psych::describe(content.vars)
##              vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis
## c_appliedeg     1 91 4.73 0.54      5    4.82 0.00   2   5     3 -2.22     6.12
## c_discussion    2 86 3.87 1.14      4    4.00 1.48   1   5     4 -0.85    -0.25
## c_prstmethod    3 73 3.29 1.34      4    3.36 1.48   1   5     4 -0.39    -1.03
## c_replicate     4 47 3.89 1.11      4    4.03 1.48   1   5     4 -0.83    -0.03
##                se
## c_appliedeg  0.06
## c_discussion 0.12
## c_prstmethod 0.16
## c_replicate  0.16

Specific items are listed as plot titles

Plot Content

######### Plot setup ##########

#define colors
custom.col <- c("#c4bfc0","#555960","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e")
custom.col.noIE <- c("#c4bfc0","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e")

#define style
plot.style = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col,na.translate = FALSE), 
  labs(y="Freq.", x= ""),
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
              labels=c("0" = 'N/A', "1" = 'Highly Ineffective', "2" = 'Ineffective', 
                       "3" = 'Neutral', "4" = 'Effective', "5" = 'Highly Effective')),
  
  scale_y_continuous(breaks=(seq(0, 70, 10)), limits = c(0, 70))
)

plot.style2 = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col.noIE,na.translate = FALSE), 
  labs(y="Freq.", x= ""),
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
              labels=c("0" = 'N/A', "1" = 'Highly Ineffective', "2" = 'Ineffective', 
                       "3" = 'Neutral', "4" = 'Effective', "5" = 'Highly Effective')),
  
  scale_y_continuous(breaks=(seq(0, 70, 10)), limits = c(0, 70))
)


######### Plots ##########


c1 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(c_appliedeg)), 
         aes(x=factor(c_appliedeg), fill=factor(c_appliedeg))) +
         labs(title = "Applied examples") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style2

c2 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(c_discussion)), 
         aes(x=factor(c_discussion), fill=factor(c_discussion))) +
         labs(title = "Class discusses lit using method") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

c3 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(c_prstmethod)), 
         aes(x=factor(c_prstmethod), fill=factor(c_prstmethod))) +
         labs(title = "Students present articles") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

c4 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(c_replicate)), 
         aes(x=factor(c_replicate), fill=factor(c_replicate))) +
         labs(title = "Students replicate published lit") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

grid.arrange(c1, c2, ncol=2)

grid.arrange(c3, c4, ncol=2)

Regarding content, using topically-relevant applied examples was highly effective. Having class discussions after reading literature using the method being taught was also highly rated as effective or highly effective. Students were more mixed in the effectiveness of presenting articles or the methods from published literature. Relatively few students were asked to replicate the analysis from published literature, but when they did this exercise was seen as overall effective.

Follow-up qualitative questions are currently being coded

  1. Think about the best methods course you have taken with regard to content. What stands out as particularly effective? This may be something we asked about above, or something else we missed.

  2. Think about the worst methods course you have taken with regard to content. What stands out as particularly ineffective? This may be something we asked about above, or something else we missed.

Assessment Strategies

Please rate how much these components of assessment strategies help you learn. Feel free to contextualize your answers in the free response space below each prompt.

Answer Options:

I have not experienced this (N/A = 0); Highly Ineffective (1); Ineffective (2); Neutral (3); Effective (4); Highly Effective (5)

######### Descriptive Stats ##########

#select assessment vars and subtract 1 to make a meaningful zero.
Assess.vars<-rawAMAPData[,129:134]

#describe assessment vars
summarytools::freq(Assess.vars)
## Frequencies  
## Assess.vars$a_mcquiz  
## Label: Multiple Choice Quizzes/Exams  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     16     17.20          17.20     16.16          16.16
##           1     12     12.90          30.11     12.12          28.28
##           2     15     16.13          46.24     15.15          43.43
##           3     17     18.28          64.52     17.17          60.61
##           4     21     22.58          87.10     21.21          81.82
##           5     12     12.90         100.00     12.12          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Assess.vars$a_frquiz  
## Label: Free Response Quizzes/Exams  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     16     17.39          17.39     16.16          16.16
##           1      9      9.78          27.17      9.09          25.25
##           2     12     13.04          40.22     12.12          37.37
##           3     13     14.13          54.35     13.13          50.51
##           4     28     30.43          84.78     28.28          78.79
##           5     14     15.22         100.00     14.14          92.93
##        <NA>      7                               7.07         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Assess.vars$a_homework  
## Label: Frequent Smaller HW  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      5      5.38           5.38      5.05           5.05
##           3      3      3.23           8.60      3.03           8.08
##           4     23     24.73          33.33     23.23          31.31
##           5     62     66.67         100.00     62.63          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Assess.vars$a_present  
## Label: Give Presentation  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      6      6.52           6.52      6.06           6.06
##           1      6      6.52          13.04      6.06          12.12
##           2     10     10.87          23.91     10.10          22.22
##           3     18     19.57          43.48     18.18          40.40
##           4     33     35.87          79.35     33.33          73.74
##           5     19     20.65         100.00     19.19          92.93
##        <NA>      7                               7.07         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Assess.vars$a_paper  
## Label: Write/Submit Paper  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4      4.30           4.30      4.04           4.04
##           1      4      4.30           8.60      4.04           8.08
##           2      8      8.60          17.20      8.08          16.16
##           3     10     10.75          27.96     10.10          26.26
##           4     32     34.41          62.37     32.32          58.59
##           5     35     37.63         100.00     35.35          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Assess.vars$a_proposal  
## Label: Write/Submit Grant Proposal  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     51     55.43          55.43     51.52          51.52
##           1      2      2.17          57.61      2.02          53.54
##           2      3      3.26          60.87      3.03          56.57
##           3     11     11.96          72.83     11.11          67.68
##           4     11     11.96          84.78     11.11          78.79
##           5     14     15.22         100.00     14.14          92.93
##        <NA>      7                               7.07         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
#remove NAs
Assess.vars<-na_if(Assess.vars, 0)
psych::describe(Assess.vars)
##            vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis
## a_mcquiz      1 77 3.08 1.32      3    3.10 1.48   1   5     4 -0.14    -1.17
## a_frquiz      2 76 3.34 1.28      4    3.42 1.48   1   5     4 -0.46    -0.94
## a_homework    3 88 4.67 0.54      5    4.75 0.00   3   5     2 -1.34     0.82
## a_present     4 86 3.57 1.16      4    3.67 1.48   1   5     4 -0.63    -0.43
## a_paper       5 89 3.97 1.13      4    4.12 1.48   1   5     4 -1.05     0.26
## a_proposal    6 41 3.78 1.15      4    3.91 1.48   1   5     4 -0.63    -0.44
##              se
## a_mcquiz   0.15
## a_frquiz   0.15
## a_homework 0.06
## a_present  0.13
## a_paper    0.12
## a_proposal 0.18

Specific items are listed as plot titles

Plot Assessment

######### Plot setup ##########

#define colors
custom.col <- c("#c4bfc0","#555960","#6f727b", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e")
custom.col.noIE <- c("#c4bfc0", "#ebd99f","#daaa00","#8e6f3e")

#define styles
plot.style = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col,na.translate = FALSE), 
  labs(y="Freq.", x= ""),
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
              labels=c("0" = 'N/A', "1" = 'Highly Ineffective', "2" = 'Ineffective', 
                       "3" = 'Neutral', "4" = 'Effective', "5" = 'Highly Effective')),
  
  scale_y_continuous(breaks=(seq(0, 70, 10)), limits = c(0, 70))
)

plot.style2 = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col.noIE,na.translate = FALSE), 
  labs(y="Freq.", x= ""),
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
              labels=c("0" = 'N/A', "1" = 'Highly Ineffective', "2" = 'Ineffective', 
                       "3" = 'Neutral', "4" = 'Effective', "5" = 'Highly Effective')),
  
  scale_y_continuous(breaks=(seq(0, 70, 10)), limits = c(0, 70))
)


######### Plots ##########


a1 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(a_mcquiz)), 
         aes(x=factor(a_mcquiz), fill=factor(a_mcquiz))) +
         labs(title = "Multiple Choice Quizzes/Exams") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

a2 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(a_frquiz)), 
         aes(x=factor(a_frquiz), fill=factor(a_frquiz))) +
         labs(title = "Free Response Quizzes/Exams") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

a3 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(a_homework)), 
         aes(x=factor(a_homework), fill=factor(a_homework))) +
         labs(title = "Frequent Smaller HW/practice sets") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style2

a4 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(a_present)), 
         aes(x=factor(a_present), fill=factor(a_present))) +
         labs(title = "Give a Presentation") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

a5 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(a_paper)), 
         aes(x=factor(a_paper), fill=factor(a_paper))) +
         labs(title = "Write/Submit a Paper") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

a6 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(a_proposal)), 
         aes(x=factor(a_proposal), fill=factor(a_proposal))) +
         labs(title = "Write/Submit a Grant Proposal") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

grid.arrange(a1, a2, ncol=2)

grid.arrange(a3, a4, ncol=2)

grid.arrange(a5, a6, ncol=2)

Regarding assessments, frequent, smaller homework assignments and practice sets were seen as highly effective. Giving a presentation and writing/submitting a paper were overall viewed as effective assessment strategies. Multiple choice quizzes and exams were generally neutral, with some students reporting ineffectiveness and others reporting effectiveness. Free response quizzes and exams also widely varied in effectiveness, but were generally a bit more endorsed as effective.

Follow-up qualitative questions are currently being coded

  1. Think about the best methods course you have taken with regard to assessment strategies. What stands out as particularly effective? This may be something we asked about above, or something else we missed.
  2. Think about the worst methods course you have taken with regard to assessment strategies. What stands out as particularly ineffective? This may be something we asked about above, or something else we missed.

Plan for future teaching and future consulting

Plans

  • After finishing your graduate studies, do you expect to teach in a college or university where you will offer research methodology courses?
  • After finishing your graduate studies, do you expect to be employed in a position where you will have to consult with colleagues and/or clients about applied research methodologies? (this could be in an academic or nonacademic setting)

Answer Options:

Yes/Possibly (1); No (2); Really not sure (3)

Preparation

  • Has your graduate training prepared you well for teaching in a college or university where you will offer research methodology courses?
  • Has your graduate training prepared you well for consulting with others about research methodologies?

Answer Options:

Yes (1); No (2); Not sure (3)

######### Descriptive Stats ##########

#subest variables
future.vars<-c("future_teach","future_consulting","prepared_teach","prepared_consulting")

#frequencies
summarytools::freq(rawAMAPData[future.vars])
## Frequencies  
## rawAMAPData$future_teach  
## Label: After finishing your graduate studies, do you expect to teach in a college or un  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     43     46.24          46.24     43.43          43.43
##           2     25     26.88          73.12     25.25          68.69
##           3     25     26.88         100.00     25.25          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$future_consulting  
## Label: After finishing your graduate studies, do you expect to be employed in a positio  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     70     75.27          75.27     70.71          70.71
##           2      7      7.53          82.80      7.07          77.78
##           3     16     17.20         100.00     16.16          93.94
##        <NA>      6                               6.06         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$prepared_teach  
## Label: Has your graduate training prepared you well for teaching in a college or univer  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     19     44.19          44.19     19.19          19.19
##           2      4      9.30          53.49      4.04          23.23
##           3     20     46.51         100.00     20.20          43.43
##        <NA>     56                              56.57         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## rawAMAPData$prepared_consulting  
## Label: Has your graduate training prepared you well for consulting with others about re  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     39     55.71          55.71     39.39          39.39
##           2      8     11.43          67.14      8.08          47.47
##           3     23     32.86         100.00     23.23          70.71
##        <NA>     29                              29.29         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00

Plot Plans and Preparation

######### Plot setup ##########

#define colors
custom.col <- c("#8e6f3e", "#000000", "#c4bfc0")

#define styles
plot.style = list(
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE),
  scale_fill_manual(values = custom.col), 
  labs(y="Freq.", x= ""),
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("1", "2", "3"),
              labels=c("1" = 'Yes/Possibly', "2" = 'No', 
                       "3" = 'Not Sure')),
  scale_y_continuous(breaks=(seq(0, 70, 10)), limits = c(0, 70))
)

######### Plots ##########


f1 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(future_teach)), 
         aes(x=factor(future_teach), fill=factor(future_teach))) +
         labs(title = "Plan to Teach Methods") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

f2 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(future_consulting)), 
         aes(x=factor(future_consulting), fill=factor(future_consulting))) +
         labs(title = "Plan to Consult about Methods") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

f3 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(prepared_teach)), 
         aes(x=factor(prepared_teach), fill=factor(prepared_teach))) +
         labs(title = "Prepared to Teach Methods") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

f4 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(prepared_consulting)), 
         aes(x=factor(prepared_consulting), fill=factor(prepared_consulting))) +
         labs(title = "Prepared to Consult about Methods") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style


grid.arrange(f1, f2, ncol=2)

grid.arrange(f3, f4, ncol=2)

About half of students surveyed probably plan to teach methods and most plan to consult about methods, but only about half as many felt prepared to do so.

Training for future teaching and future consulting

Which aspects of your graduate training has best prepared you for teaching in a college or university where you will offer research methodology courses? (Rank order)

Which aspects of your graduate training has best prepared you for consulting with others about research methodologies?? (Rank order)

Answer Options:

1. Taking coursework in statistics/methods

2. Serving as a TA specifically for methods/statistics courses

3. Pursuing a graduate certificate in methods/statistics

4. Developing and giving a workshop, talk (e.g., brownbag), or lecture (e.g., guest lecturing for a methods/statistics class) on a methodological topic)

5. Working with a mentor/advisor to learn statistics/methods (one-on-one training)

6. Providing statistical consulting and/or mentoring to other students (undergraduate or graduate students)

######### Descriptive Stats ##########

#subest variables
Training.Rankings<-rawAMAPData[,c(60:65,69:74)]

#frequencies
summarytools::freq(Training.Rankings)
## Frequencies  
## Training.Rankings$training_teaching_1  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for teaching in a  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     16     39.02          39.02     16.16          16.16
##           2     14     34.15          73.17     14.14          30.30
##           3      7     17.07          90.24      7.07          37.37
##           4      1      2.44          92.68      1.01          38.38
##           6      3      7.32         100.00      3.03          41.41
##        <NA>     58                              58.59         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Training.Rankings$training_teaching_2  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for teaching in a  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      7     17.07          17.07      7.07           7.07
##           2      5     12.20          29.27      5.05          12.12
##           3      5     12.20          41.46      5.05          17.17
##           4      8     19.51          60.98      8.08          25.25
##           5      5     12.20          73.17      5.05          30.30
##           6     11     26.83         100.00     11.11          41.41
##        <NA>     58                              58.59         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Training.Rankings$training_teaching_3  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for teaching in a  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      4      9.76           9.76      4.04           4.04
##           2      4      9.76          19.51      4.04           8.08
##           3      9     21.95          41.46      9.09          17.17
##           4      9     21.95          63.41      9.09          26.26
##           5     11     26.83          90.24     11.11          37.37
##           6      4      9.76         100.00      4.04          41.41
##        <NA>     58                              58.59         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Training.Rankings$training_teaching_4  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for teaching in a  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      3      7.32           7.32      3.03           3.03
##           2      3      7.32          14.63      3.03           6.06
##           3      6     14.63          29.27      6.06          12.12
##           4     12     29.27          58.54     12.12          24.24
##           5      9     21.95          80.49      9.09          33.33
##           6      8     19.51         100.00      8.08          41.41
##        <NA>     58                              58.59         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Training.Rankings$training_teaching_5  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for teaching in a  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      9     21.95          21.95      9.09           9.09
##           2     10     24.39          46.34     10.10          19.19
##           3      3      7.32          53.66      3.03          22.22
##           4      7     17.07          70.73      7.07          29.29
##           5      7     17.07          87.80      7.07          36.36
##           6      5     12.20         100.00      5.05          41.41
##        <NA>     58                              58.59         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Training.Rankings$training_teaching_6  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for teaching in a  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      2      4.88           4.88      2.02           2.02
##           2      5     12.20          17.07      5.05           7.07
##           3     11     26.83          43.90     11.11          18.18
##           4      4      9.76          53.66      4.04          22.22
##           5      9     21.95          75.61      9.09          31.31
##           6     10     24.39         100.00     10.10          41.41
##        <NA>     58                              58.59         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Training.Rankings$training_consulting_1  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for consulting wit  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     34     50.00          50.00     34.34          34.34
##           2     19     27.94          77.94     19.19          53.54
##           3      4      5.88          83.82      4.04          57.58
##           4      5      7.35          91.18      5.05          62.63
##           5      5      7.35          98.53      5.05          67.68
##           6      1      1.47         100.00      1.01          68.69
##        <NA>     31                              31.31         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Training.Rankings$training_consulting_2  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for consulting wit  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      6      8.82           8.82      6.06           6.06
##           2      3      4.41          13.24      3.03           9.09
##           3     16     23.53          36.76     16.16          25.25
##           4     12     17.65          54.41     12.12          37.37
##           5      7     10.29          64.71      7.07          44.44
##           6     24     35.29         100.00     24.24          68.69
##        <NA>     31                              31.31         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Training.Rankings$training_consulting_3  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for consulting wit  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      3      4.41           4.41      3.03           3.03
##           2     13     19.12          23.53     13.13          16.16
##           3     15     22.06          45.59     15.15          31.31
##           4     13     19.12          64.71     13.13          44.44
##           5     16     23.53          88.24     16.16          60.61
##           6      8     11.76         100.00      8.08          68.69
##        <NA>     31                              31.31         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Training.Rankings$training_consulting_4  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for consulting wit  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      4      5.88           5.88      4.04           4.04
##           2      6      8.82          14.71      6.06          10.10
##           3      7     10.29          25.00      7.07          17.17
##           4     17     25.00          50.00     17.17          34.34
##           5     15     22.06          72.06     15.15          49.49
##           6     19     27.94         100.00     19.19          68.69
##        <NA>     31                              31.31         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Training.Rankings$training_consulting_5  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for consulting wit  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     16     23.53          23.53     16.16          16.16
##           2     18     26.47          50.00     18.18          34.34
##           3     11     16.18          66.18     11.11          45.45
##           4      5      7.35          73.53      5.05          50.51
##           5     14     20.59          94.12     14.14          64.65
##           6      4      5.88         100.00      4.04          68.69
##        <NA>     31                              31.31         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## Training.Rankings$training_consulting_6  
## Label: Which apsects of your graduate training has best prepared you for consulting wit  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      5      7.35           7.35      5.05           5.05
##           2      9     13.24          20.59      9.09          14.14
##           3     15     22.06          42.65     15.15          29.29
##           4     16     23.53          66.18     16.16          45.45
##           5     11     16.18          82.35     11.11          56.57
##           6     12     17.65         100.00     12.12          68.69
##        <NA>     31                              31.31         100.00
##       Total     99    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00

Plots depict the highest (Best) and lowest (Worst) ranked items for teaching and consulting

Plot Best and Worst Training

######### Plot setup ##########

plot.style = list(
  labs(y="Freq.", x= ""),
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"),
              labels=c("1" = 'Coursework', "2" = 'TA in Methods', 
                       "3" = 'Grad. Cert.', "4" = 'Give WS/Talk', 
                       "5" = 'Work w/ Mentor', "6" = "Consult/Mentor")),
  scale_y_continuous(breaks=(seq(0, 30, 10)), limits = c(0, 35)),
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 0.5, hjust=1))
)


######### Plots ##########


## The Training Methods that Best Prepare student to Teach

pt1 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(rank_train_teach1)), 
         aes(x=factor(rank_train_teach1), fill=factor(rank_train_teach1))) +
         geom_bar(fill = "#8e6f3e", show.legend = FALSE) +
         labs(title = "Best Training Prepare to Teach") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

## The Training Methods that Least Prepare student to Teach

pt6 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(rank_train_teach6)), 
         aes(x=factor(rank_train_teach6), fill=factor(rank_train_teach6))) +
         geom_bar(fill = "#000000", show.legend = FALSE) +
         labs(title = "Worst Training Prepare to Teach") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

## The Training Methods that Best Prepare student to Consult

pc1 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(rank_train_consult1)), 
         aes(x=factor(rank_train_consult1), fill=factor(rank_train_consult1))) +
         geom_bar(fill = "#8e6f3e", show.legend = FALSE) +
         labs(title = "Best Training Prepare to Consult") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style

## The Training Methods that Least Prepare student to Consult

pc6 <- ggplot(data = subset(rawAMAPData, !is.na(rank_train_consult6)), 
         aes(x=factor(rank_train_consult6), fill=factor(rank_train_consult6))) +
         geom_bar(fill = "#000000", show.legend = FALSE) +
         labs(title = "Worst Training Prepare to Consult") +
         theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1)) +
         plot.style


grid.arrange(pt1, pt6, ncol=2)

grid.arrange(pc1, pc6, ncol=2)

There was wide variety across the things that students thought best and worst prepared them to teach and consult re: methods, though coursework and work with mentor were relatively more highly rated. Worst-ranked in terms of training may also indicate a lack of opportunity to engage in that opportunity, given the structure of the questions.

Follow-up qualitative questions are currently being coded

  1. Are there other opportunities you wish were available to better prepare you for teaching in a college or university where you will offer research methodology courses?
  2. Are there other opportunities you wish were available to better prepare you for consulting with others about research methodologies?