Early weaning, DDGS feed could cut costs for cattle producers
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - If the drought forces producers to feed a larger portion of distillers dried grains with solubles, cattle can maintain gains and improve meat quality if the animals are weaned early, a Purdue University scientist has shown.
The finding, reported at the American Society of Animal Science Midwest Meetings in Des Moines, Iowa, could allow some producers to save on rising feed costs in the face of this year's drought. Distillers dried grains with solubles, or DDGS, are the leftovers from corn ethanol production. DDGS generally cost about 10 percent less than corn feed.
"You can essentially use a cheaper feed for a portion of the time and maintain high rates of gain, while improving the quality of the meat," said Jon Schoonmaker, an assistant professor of animal sciences. "It decreases fat thickness, but doesn't decrease marbling score."
Schoonmaker tested cattle weaned at 100 days instead of a more traditional 200 days. Those early weaned cattle were fed diets with no DDGS or one with DDGS content of 30 percent or 60 percent for 99 days, after which they were fed a standard diet with no DDGS.
At 30 percent of the diet, there was no difference in weight or meat quality. At 60 percent, fat thickness decreased, and marbling, the dispersion of fat within the meat, was unaffected. But carcass weight was down about 2.5 percent. Average daily gain and intake were similar among all three treatments.
Schoonmaker said he was looking at methods to increase DDGS in calf diets because available forage in pastures can limit cow productivity. As cows nurse, they and their calves need to eat more grass.
He said cattle producers may be reluctant to wean early because of the rising price of feed, but may have little choice as dry conditions deplete grasses. DDGS may offer a less expensive option.
"They're thinking corn prices will be extremely high this fall, but if they think of distiller's grains inclusion at 60 percent of the diet, they could save some money," Schoonmaker said.
Cattle fed DDGS also excrete more nitrogen, which can be an environmental concern. But Schoonmaker's findings showed that early weaned cattle may excrete less nitrogen when fed a high DDGS diet.
"Young calves utilize protein more efficiently, and they may be using more of that nitrogen for growth," Schoonmaker said.
Writer: Brian Wallheimer, 765-496-2050, bwallhei@purdue.edu
Source: Jon Schoonmaker, 765-494-4860, jschoonm@purdue.edu
Ag Communications: (765) 494-2722;
Keith Robinson, robins89@purdue.edu
Agriculture News Page
ABSTRACT
Effect of Increasing Distillers Grains Inclusion on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Early-Weaned Steers
J.P. Schoonmaker, M.C. Claeys and R.P. Lemenager
Ninety Angus x Simmental cross steers (199.7 � 12.2 kg) were weaned at 134 d of age (early-weaned:EW) and allotted to 3 high concentrate diets (20% corn silage) containing either 0, 30, or 60% dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) diets. Diets contained 15.7, 15.8, and 21.7% CP, respectively. Dietary treatments were fed for 99 d, after which steers were placed on a common diet containing no DDGS (12.9% CP) until slaughter at a common weight (599.4 kg). Concentration of dietary DDGS did not affect ADG, DMI, or G:F during the growing phase (P > 0.41), did not produce any carryover effects on ADG, DMI, or G:F during the finishing phase (P > 0.26), and resulted in similar overall performance (P > 0.52). Dressing percentage (61.4, 61.6, 60.2%; P < 0.05), hot carcass weight (367.4, 370.4, 361.3 kg; P < 0.06), fat thickness (1.42, 1.53, 1.27 cm; P < 0.10), and % KPH (2.0, 2.2, 2.1%; P < 0.10) responded quadratically to early DDGS supplementation, increasing from 0 to 30% DDGS inclusion and decreasing from 30 to 60% DDGS inclusion, respectively. Marbling score was not affected (P > 0.46) by DDGS inclusion, but the partitioning of fat from the subcutaneous (SC) to intramuscular (IM) fat depot was altered by DDGS inclusion (P < 0.10). The ratio of IM to SC fat decreased from 0 to 30% DDGS inclusion and increased from 30 to 60% DDGS inclusion. In addition, the percentage of cattle grading choice- responded quadratically (40.2, 26.7, 62.3%; P < 0.10), decreasing from 0 to 30% DDGS inclusion and increasing from 30 to 60% DDGS inclusion, respectively. These data indicate that inclusion of high concentrations of dietary DDGS early in the feedlot phase does not negatively impact growth and performance of EW cattle, but does partition energy from carcass to non-carcass components. However, high concentrations of DDGS also partitions fat away from the SC to IM fat depot. Utilization of carcass fat as an energy source for disposal of excess N may be responsible for changes in carcass weight and fat deposition.
