Doppler radars help increase monsoon rainfall prediction accuracy

October 4, 2010

WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - Doppler weather radar will significantly improve forecasting models used to track monsoon systems influencing the monsoon in and around India, according to a research collaboration including Purdue University, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi.

Dev Niyogi, a Purdue associate professor of agronomy and earth and atmospheric sciences, said modeling of a monsoon depression track can have a margin of error of about 200 kilometers for landfall, which can be significant for storms that produce as much as 20-25 inches of rain as well as inland floods and fatalities.

"When you run a forecast model, how you represent the initial state of the atmosphere is critical. Even if Doppler radar information may seem highly localized, we find that it enhances the regional atmospheric conditions, which, in turn, can significantly improve the dynamic prediction of how the monsoon depression will move as the storm makes landfall," Niyogi said. "It certainly looks like a wise investment made in Doppler radars can help in monsoon forecasting, particularly the heavy rain from monsoon processes."

Niyogi, U.C. Mohanty, a professor in the Centre for Atmospheric Sciences at the Indian Institute of Technology, and Mohanty's doctoral student, Ashish Routray, collaborated with scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and gathered information such as radial velocity and reflectivity from six Doppler weather radars that were in place during storms. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, they found that incorporating the Doppler radar-based information decreased the error of the monsoon depression's landfall path from 200 kilometers to 75 kilometers.

Monsoons account for 80 percent of the rain India receives each year. Mohanty said more accurate predictions could better prepare people for heavy rains that account for a number of deaths in a monsoon season.

"Once a monsoon depression passes through, it can cause catastrophic floods in the coastal areas of India," Mohanty said. "Doppler radar is a very useful tool to help assess these things."

The researchers modeled monsoon depressions and published their findings in the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Future studies will incorporate more simulations and more advanced models to test the ability of Doppler radar to track monsoon processes. Niyogi said the techniques and tools being developed also could help predict landfall of tropical storm systems that affect the Caribbean and the United States.

The National Science Foundation CAREER program, U.S. Agency for International Development and the Ministry of Earth Sciences in India funded the study.

Writer:  Brian Wallheimer, 765-496-2050, bwallhei@purdue.edu 

Sources:   Dev Niyogi, 765-494-3258, climate@purdue.edu

                    U.C. Mohanty, ucmohanty@gmail.com

Ag Communications: (765) 494-2722;
Keith Robinson, robins89@purdue.edu
Agriculture News Page

 

ABSTRACT

Impact of Doppler Weather Radar Data on Numerical Forecast
of Indian Monsoon Depressions

A. Routray, U.C. Mohanty, S.R.H. Rizvi, Dev Niyogi,
Krishna K. Osuri and D. Pradhan

This work is a first assessment of utilizing Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) radial velocity and reflectivity in mesoscale model for prediction of Bay of Bengal monsoon depressions (MDs). The Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) modeling system - Advanced Research Version (ARW) is customized and evaluated for the Indian monsoon region by generating domain specific Background Error (BE) statistics and experiments involving two assimilation strategies (cold start and cycling). The monthly averaged 24-hour forecast errors for wind, temperature and moisture profiles were analyzed. From the statistical skill scores, it is concluded that the cycling mode assimilation enhanced the performance of the WRF three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system over the Indian region using conventional and non-conventional observations. DWR data from a coastal site were assimilated for simulation of two different summer MDs over India using the WRF-3DVAR analysis system. Three numerical experiments (control without any GTS data, with GTS, and GTS as well as DWR) were performed for simulating these extreme weather events to study the impact of DWR data.

The results show that even though MDs are large synoptic systems, assimilation of DWR data has a positive impact on the prediction of the location, propagation and development of rain bands associated with the MDs. All aspects of the MD simulations such as mean sea level pressure, winds, vertical structure and the track are significantly improved due to the DWR assimilation. Study results provide a positive proof of concept that the assimilation of the Indian DWR data within WRF can help improve the simulation of intense convective systems influencing the large scale monsoonal flow.